In den USA liefen bis 1857 grosse Mengen an spanischen, später mexikanischen Realesmünzen um. Während ein Dollar einen Feinsilbergehalt von 0,7734 oz hatte, besaß eine 8 Realesmünze mit 0,7859 oz einen geringfügig höheren Wert.
Wer also etwas zum Preis von 1 Dollar kaufte und mit 8 Reales bezahlte, hatte Anspruch auf Wechselgeld. Zu diesem Zweck war das 1/2 Cent-Stück geschaffen worden.
Als Ursache für den Unterschied fand ich folgende Erklärung:
Der Dollar sollte im Silbergehalt identisch sein zu den 8 Reales. Man wog also eine Anzahl 8 Reales-Stücke ab und ermittelte den Feinsilbergehalt. Bei diesen Münzen gab es allerdings Schwankungen im realen Silbergehalt und man hatte bei der Wägung wohl eine Reihe leicht untergewichtiger Exemplare mit dabei. Und schon war es passiert.
Stimmt diese Erklärung, und wenn ja, warum wurde der Silbergehalt des Dollars später nicht angehoben? Es wäre spürbar einfacher gewesen, anstatt den Wertuntschied mit einer eigens dafür geschaffenen Kupfermünze auszugleichen.
Viele Grüße
Hermann
Silbergehalt US-Dollar - 8 Realesmünze
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Re: Silbergehalt US-Dollar - 8 Realesmünze
Einen interessanten Beitrag, Heku. Die Online-Übersetzung ist.. unvollständig, aber im Zusammenhang mit der mexikanische Münzen, die in den USA verteilt (und die Taten, in der Tat bilden die Basis für die Erstellung von dem US-Dollar selbst) ich denke, der amerikanische Hälfte-Cent ist viel besser verstanden werden, nicht in der Silber Inhalt, sondern an die decimal-Dollar und nicht-dezimale 8-Reales.
Der American Hälfte-Cent hatte auch andere Gründe für seine Schöpfung — Alexander Hamilton, beispielsweise die Münze verfochten, weil er dachte, der kleine Stückelung würde dazu beitragen, dass die ärmere Menschen. Etc, etc.. Aber es besteht kein Zweifel der Hälfte-Cent einige machen für die Spanier "Bit" von 12½-Cent ändern Beschäftigung gefunden haben könnte.
Dieser Benutzung verschwand jedoch mit der Demonetization ausländische Münzen begonnen 1857 (vervollständigt, glaube ich, in 1859.) Und da der Hälfte-Cent nie gewesen ein beliebtes Münze wie auch immer, diese verschwinden von seinen letzten Entschuldigung für die Existenz, die halfen dazu führen, dass die Einstellung des die Hälfte-Cent 1857.
v.
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An interesting post, heku. The on-line translation is...incomplete, but in the context of the Mexican coinage that circulated in the U.S. (and which did, indeed, provide the basis for the creation of the American dollar itself) I think the American half-cent is much better understood not in terms of silver content, but in terms of the decimal dollar and non-decimal 8-reales.
The American half-cent had other reasons for its creation too—Alexander Hamilton, for instance, championed the coin because he thought the small denomination would help poorer people. Etc, etc. But there is no doubt the half-cent could have found some employment making change for the Spanish “bit” of 12½ cents.
That use, however, disappeared with the demonetization of foreign coinage begun in 1857 (completed, I believe, in 1859.) And since the half-cent had never been a popular coin anyway, this disappearance of its last excuse for existence helped lead to the discontinuance of the half-cent in 1857.
v.
Der American Hälfte-Cent hatte auch andere Gründe für seine Schöpfung — Alexander Hamilton, beispielsweise die Münze verfochten, weil er dachte, der kleine Stückelung würde dazu beitragen, dass die ärmere Menschen. Etc, etc.. Aber es besteht kein Zweifel der Hälfte-Cent einige machen für die Spanier "Bit" von 12½-Cent ändern Beschäftigung gefunden haben könnte.
Dieser Benutzung verschwand jedoch mit der Demonetization ausländische Münzen begonnen 1857 (vervollständigt, glaube ich, in 1859.) Und da der Hälfte-Cent nie gewesen ein beliebtes Münze wie auch immer, diese verschwinden von seinen letzten Entschuldigung für die Existenz, die halfen dazu führen, dass die Einstellung des die Hälfte-Cent 1857.
v.
-------------------------------------
An interesting post, heku. The on-line translation is...incomplete, but in the context of the Mexican coinage that circulated in the U.S. (and which did, indeed, provide the basis for the creation of the American dollar itself) I think the American half-cent is much better understood not in terms of silver content, but in terms of the decimal dollar and non-decimal 8-reales.
The American half-cent had other reasons for its creation too—Alexander Hamilton, for instance, championed the coin because he thought the small denomination would help poorer people. Etc, etc. But there is no doubt the half-cent could have found some employment making change for the Spanish “bit” of 12½ cents.
That use, however, disappeared with the demonetization of foreign coinage begun in 1857 (completed, I believe, in 1859.) And since the half-cent had never been a popular coin anyway, this disappearance of its last excuse for existence helped lead to the discontinuance of the half-cent in 1857.
v.
Re: Silbergehalt US-Dollar - 8 Realesmünze
Until the demonitization, the 8 reales coins contained a little bit more silver than the US-dollar.
I found:
"The Coinage Act of 1792 specified that the U.S. dollar would contain 371 4/16 grain (24.1 g) pure or 416 grain (27.0 g) standard silver. This specification was based on the average weight of a random selection of worn Spanish dollars which Hamilton caused to be weighed at the Treasury."
Weighting worn coins was the reason for the difference in weight between 8 reales and 1 dollar. I asked, why this difference was never corrigated.
Viele Grüße
Hermann
I found:
"The Coinage Act of 1792 specified that the U.S. dollar would contain 371 4/16 grain (24.1 g) pure or 416 grain (27.0 g) standard silver. This specification was based on the average weight of a random selection of worn Spanish dollars which Hamilton caused to be weighed at the Treasury."
Weighting worn coins was the reason for the difference in weight between 8 reales and 1 dollar. I asked, why this difference was never corrigated.
Viele Grüße
Hermann
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Re: Silbergehalt US-Dollar - 8 Realesmünze
Ah, okay! (With sincerest apologies for English only.)
Hamilton’s problem was to create a new coinage system that would build on the foundation already in place, without causing too much of a disturbance. So he looked at the Spanish dollars that were actually circulating in the United States at the time.
As you say, heku, Hamilton sampled worn Spanish dollars and created the new American currency unit on that basis—that is, on the basis of the Spanish dollar as it actually existed in American commercial channels c.1792.
In the days when metal = money, that was the only way to get the new American silver dollar to circulate.
If the American dollar had been made equal to a new, full-weight Spanish dollar, then the new, full-weight American coins would have been immediately hoarded, or melted, or exported—and the old, worn, underweight Spanish coins would have continued to circulate in preference to the American coins. (Of course, much of that happened anyway—which is why the coinage of American silver dollars was suspended in 1806.)
So to your question—why was there never a “correction?” Because, simply, that there was no correction to be made. Once the American currency unit was created—the dollar of 371¼ grains of silver (not the coin, but the currency unit)—then the Spanish dollar and the American dollar were two completely separate entities, both “correct” unto themselves.
Have I answered the question, I hope?
v.
Hamilton’s problem was to create a new coinage system that would build on the foundation already in place, without causing too much of a disturbance. So he looked at the Spanish dollars that were actually circulating in the United States at the time.
As you say, heku, Hamilton sampled worn Spanish dollars and created the new American currency unit on that basis—that is, on the basis of the Spanish dollar as it actually existed in American commercial channels c.1792.
In the days when metal = money, that was the only way to get the new American silver dollar to circulate.
If the American dollar had been made equal to a new, full-weight Spanish dollar, then the new, full-weight American coins would have been immediately hoarded, or melted, or exported—and the old, worn, underweight Spanish coins would have continued to circulate in preference to the American coins. (Of course, much of that happened anyway—which is why the coinage of American silver dollars was suspended in 1806.)
So to your question—why was there never a “correction?” Because, simply, that there was no correction to be made. Once the American currency unit was created—the dollar of 371¼ grains of silver (not the coin, but the currency unit)—then the Spanish dollar and the American dollar were two completely separate entities, both “correct” unto themselves.
Have I answered the question, I hope?
v.
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